Prisciandaro et al. (2011a) have proposed that a combination of several probiotic strains may be more reliable and efficacious. In this study, we used a single strain, which mitigated chemotherapy-induced mucositis dose-dependently. NF-κB activated by FOLFOX may result in apoptotic signals and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in normal mucosal tissue and subsequently contribute to gastrointestinal injury. Probiotics (such as Lcr35) could modulate the gut flora composition, and inhibit inflammation and apoptosis. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is mucositis.