Interestingly, when neutrophils were infected in the presence of SGS, a dramatic increase of PGE2 (6 h) and TGF-β (24 h) production is observed (Figures 5A,B), suggesting that infection of neutrophils in the presence of Lu. longipalpis SGS contribute to the release of anti-inflammatory mediators. Here, TGFB1 is linked to infection.