NPPA and atrial fibrillation: Natriuretic peptide precursor A is the precursor to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) before synthesis; NPPA polymorphism may induce myocardial necrosis, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, water and sodium disequilibrium, and heart remodeling (Lynch et al., 2009; Francia et al., 2013).