Moreover, hyperlipidemia in wildtype mice, and not ApoE−/− mice, has been reported to increase BBB permeability, and promote the formation of brain oedema upon cerebral ischemia in the acute phase via mechanisms implicating lipid peroxidation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activation, and RhoA over-activation (ElAli et al., 2011; Deng et al., 2014). Here, APOE is linked to hyperlipidemia.