SOD2 and atrial fibrillation: Although our recent study have reported that the natural flavone acacetin and its water soluble prodrug, in addition to having anti-atrial fibrillation properties by selectively blocking multiple atrial potassium channels (Li et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2011, 2013; Liu et al., 2016a), provides remarkable cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in ex vivo and in vivo rat models by increasing the anti-oxidants superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and thioredoxin, and decreasing inflammation and apoptosis (Liu et al., 2016b); however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.