In this sense, deficiencies on key genes for the microglial survival and/or proliferation (such as CSF1R or TREM2) are associated with rare hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, such as adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids or Nasu-Hakola disease (respectively) (Paloneva et al., 2000, 2002; Chitu et al., 2016). The gene discussed is TREM2; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.