TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In both neurons and glia of patients with ALS and/or FTD, TDP-43 is mislocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is heavily post-translationally modified via cleavage, phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, and forms granular pathology that evolves to one or a few large inclusions.