Another evolving aspect of testing to predict responsiveness to agents that interfere with DNA repair is the use of assays or scoring schemes that indicate the activity level of the homologous recombination pathway.110 Tumours that exhibit clinical and biological features of gBRCA1/2m disease, despite not having a gBRCA1/2m, are thought of as having BRCAness.111 BRCA1/2 proteins are essential components of the homologous recombination pathway for repair of DS breaks in DNA; loss-of-homologous recombination in the absence of a gBRCA1/2m represents one form of BRCAness. Here, BRCA1 is linked to neoplasm.