RIPK4 and breast cancer: To further validate that RIPK4-mediated BC EMT and that invasion/metastasis occur via NF-κB activation, the NF-κB pathway was blocked in RIPK4-overexpressing cells using an shRNA targeting the gene encoding NF-κB-p65 (RELA), shRNA-NF-κB-p65 (Fig. 4b, c).