VEGFA and posterior cortical atrophy: As shown in Fig. 4, the enriched pathways of differentially expressed proteins include several essential signaling pathways involved in PCa initiation and progression, such as Wnt, Hippo, HIF-1, TNF, FoxO, PI3K/AKT, VEGF, mTOR, and MAPK, suggesting that luteolin regulates these pathways.