Studies of other preneoplastic lesion such as IPMN and other cystic precursor lesions of the pancreas identify the proteins TIMP1 in plasma, mucin-5AC, mucin-2, cyst-fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate stem-cell antigen in cyst fluids as potential protein biomarkers [29,43]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC2 and cyst.