Two patients developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD); one of these patients died due to complications of PTLD.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Anti-TNF<i>α</i> treatment following LT worsened the disease course in our patients with concurrent PSC/IBD and led to serious complications and surgical intervention. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and pancreatic serous cystadenoma.