Recently, GPR43 agonist acetate and propionate were also found to prevent diet-induced metabolic disorders by induction of Cidea and mitochondrial marker Tfam expression as well as increasing Nrg4 secretion in brown adipose tissue, respectively [28], highlighting the potential links between the activation of GPR43 by short-chain fatty acids in brown adipose tissue and the regulatory effects on metabolism. Here, TFAM is linked to metabolic disease.