A multifunctional RNA-binding protein TDP-43 encoded by TARDBP gene is believed to be the main culprit in ALS: TDP-43 pathology is typical for ~ 95% of sALS cases and for fALS cases caused by C9ORF72 gene mutation [2]; in addition, dozens of mutations in TARDBP have been identified in fALS and sALS patients [3, 4]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.