EBC IL-33 levels were significantly higher in asthmatic (3.57 ± 0.81 pg/ml) and COPD (2.50 ± 0.33 pg/ml) patients compared to healthy controls (1.27 ± 0.57 pg/ml), with no significant difference observed between the first two groups (Fig. 1a). The gene discussed is IL33; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.