To investigate cytokine profiles in patients with MDD, we examined the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and those of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 in antidepressant drug-naïve patients with MDD. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is major depressive disorder.