Also, in identifying the function of CCDC170, the recent Jiang et al. report46 concluded from Differential Allele Specific Expression analysis in human mammary epithelial cell lines that previously reported breast cancer associated SNPs in this locus were driven by regulation of CCDC170 rather than of ESR1. Finally, a recent Japanese study replicated the Chinese breast cancer association and showed that CCDC170 gene expression was inversely correlated with estrogen receptor positivity53, suggesting that there may exist regulatory interplay between the two genes and their regulatory elements. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast cancer.