APC and colorectal carcinoma: Although, alterations to multiple genes and signaling pathways, such as the mutational inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, activation of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), and activation of the Wnt or NF-κB signaling pathway, are responsible for the progression of CRC, metastasis remains the most poorly understood component of cancer pathogenesis6.