Specifically, in C9ORF72 carriers, we showed that individuals who were also homozygous for the minor alleles at the associated TMEM106B variants were significantly protected from developing FTD but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) symptoms [18, 58], another common phenotypic presentation in C9ORF72 expansion carriers. The gene discussed is TMEM106B; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.