In 2011, an analysis of 489 HGSOC samples found that TP53 mutations were presented in 96% of tumours, and homologous repair(HR) gene alterations were shown in about 50% of tumours, including germline mutations in either BRCA1 (9%) or BRCA2 (8%) and also somatic mutations in either one of these 2 genes (3%).23, 24 To this end, we classified the samples by TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2 abnormalities. Here, BRCA1 is linked to neoplasm.