TNF and cancer: As depicted in Figure 4 and Table 4, DEGs were essentially abundant in cancer-related pathways, such as pathways in cancer (ID: hsa05200), PI3K-Akt signal pathway (ID: hsa04151), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (ID: hsa04060), focal adhesion (ID: hsa04510), cell adhesion molecules (ID: hsa04514), transcriptional misregulation in cancer (hsa05202), Jak-STAT signal pathway (ID: hsa04630), and TNF signaling pathway (ID: hsa04668), which all play a critical and even decisive role in the progression and development of tumors.