Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that NOX4 and α-SMA expression was upregulated in the kidneys of DM mice compared to control mice (Figure 1(a)), which was further confirmed by Western blotting assays (Figures 1(b) and 1(c)), ELISAs (Figures 1(d) and 1(f)), and immunohistochemistry (Figure 1(g)). This evidence concerns the gene NOX4 and diabetes mellitus.