For example, though significantly higher levels of urine and plasma NGAL were only observed in patients with DKD when patients were grouped according to diabetic status alone (Figures 5(c) and 5(d)), closer examination revealed that diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria exhibited significantly higher NGAL levels than nondiabetic controls in both their plasma and urine (Figures 6(c) and 6(d)). This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and diabetic kidney disease.