The pro-inflammatory peritoneal TME characterized by increased LPA is continuously produced by cancer and mesothelial cells with subsequent increase in several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) which recruits macrophages to the peritoneal TME promoting tumor growth, invasiveness, vascular permeability and angiogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and neoplasm.