In a recent study, the expression of neurotrophins derived from the brain was compared with neuropeptides in HNSCC, indicating that activated GALR2 induces the activated cytoplasmic T cell nuclear factor, calcineurin-2-mediated transcription (NFATC2) of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which stimulates the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), promoting tumor progression [129]. Here, PTGS2 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.