TARDBP and hippocampal atrophy: Although some studies suggested that Aβ deposits in this area may promote AD pathology [46, 47], another study has found that the deposition of the TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in the olfactory bulb was associated with AD and associated symptoms including episodic memory loss and hippocampal atrophy [48, 49].