MTOR and Alzheimer disease: Recently, it was also reported that phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AKT serine/threonine kinase were two critical metabolic homeostatic factors for glucose metabolism, and several studies have demonstrated that acupuncture can activate the expression of AMPK and AKT in rat models of AD [63, 64] and decrease the accumulation of Aβ in the cortex and hippocampus by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) [65].