TSC1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These findings indicated that Tsc1 controlled the downstream mTOR signaling pathways partly by receiving many upstream stimulations (i.e., intracellular or extracellular growth factors, environmental change signals, energies, and nutrients) and played a pivotal role in the process of growth, differentiation and migration of cells, development of embryos, and metabolism of the body, while a malfunction in the process will cause tumor, obesity, or other metabolic diseases [10–13].