IL1B and inflammatory response: In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms of a water decoction of PHL in treating inflammatory injury in experimental intestinal inflammation, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and Cox-2; the activity of iNOS; and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway were also evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting.