CD40LG and dengue disease: Although progress in developing accurate, validated and cost-effective diagnostic tools for non-malarial pathogens, such as disease-specific rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), have been made (e.g. combining NS1-antigen with IgM detection in dengue), recent modelling approaches suggest that testing for viral infections is unlikely to be cost-effective when considering direct health benefits, whereas RDTs for the detection of prevalent bacterial pathogens could be [15, 16].