Moreover, patients with GPA had increased risk of elevated VCAM-1 (OR 5.75 [95% CI: 2–16.38], reference range: 349–991 ng/ml), and thrombomodulin (OR 6.71 [95% CI: 3.37–13.3], reference range: 2.9–5.3 ng/ml) compared to the healthy individuals (cut-off points: 1213.96 and 5.9 ng/ml, respectively). Here, THBD is linked to granulomatosis with polyangiitis.