DPP4 and diabetes mellitus: In 2009, increased risk of heart failure in diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone in the Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiac Outcomes and Regulation of Glycaemia in Diabetes (RECORD) trial [27] was reported and subsequently, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors also has been flagged as potentially increasing the risk of heart failure [28].