The current study shows that both consistent and intermittent hyperglycemia increase A-FABP mRNA and protein expression, in parallel with the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, the upregulation of which is mediated by upregulated phosphorylation of JNK in response to high or fluctuating glucose. The gene discussed is FABP4; the disease is Hyperglycemia.