In an analysis of a panel of 14 urine biomarkers for incident kidney disease and the clinical outcome in the Framingham Heart Study participants, urine TFF3 levels predicted the all-cause mortality and death with coexistent kidney disease but not with incident CKD or albuminuria, although it did not investigate the renal outcome of doubling of the serum creatinine level or incident ESRD [18]. This evidence concerns the gene TFF3 and chronic kidney disease.