The three major EGFR-TKIs had demonstrated superior response rate (RR) and significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) but not in overall survival (OS) in phase III trial in patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations compared with platinum-based chemotherapy doublets [4, 5, 9–16]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.