In the phase IIb LUX-Lung 7 trial comparing gefitinib and afatinib as first-line treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients, afatinib significantly improved PFS compared with gefitinib (11.0 months vs. 10.9 months; HR: 0.73; p = 0.017) [20], and no significant difference in OS was noted in a subsequent report [21]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.