PTGS2 and chronic kidney disease: Furthermore, AMD3100, an antagonist of CXCR4, has been approved to ameliorate kidney function and exhibits a protective effect on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease [39–41]; we also found that CXCR4 siRNA and AMD3100 effectively downregulated the NLRP3 pathway, decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2, and improved kidney dysfunction induced by BDE-47.