NPPB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Kikuchi et al. 2014 and Umehara et al. 2008 assessed modified Borg dyspnoea scale or SGRQ (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire) in addition to basic physiological observations (temperature, BP, HR, respiratory rate, and O2 saturation), standard spirometry and ECHO parameters, 6 MWD or ergometer exercise tolerance, and plasma levels of BNP, HCT, and albumin in hospitalised patients with COPD [59, 60].