INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, miR-16-5p target genes (CUL4A, SMAD1, EGFR, ACTB, RRP12, and DAB2) have been reported to be downregulated in T2D [57]; moreover, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins 1 and 2, known as adaptor proteins that mediate insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin signaling in insulin-sensitive tissues (e.g., adipose tissue, bone, and liver) [58, 59] are reported as miR-16 target genes.