The first important study was a multi-institutional, double-blind, randomized phase 3 trial in which 676 patients with advanced melanoma expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 were randomized to treatment with ipilimumab (3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four doses), ipilimumab (same dose and schedule) given with an HLA-A2-restricted modified gp100 peptide vaccine, or vaccine alone [8]. Here, PMEL is linked to melanoma.