NFKB1 and neoplasm: To assess inactivation of Pin1-regulated cancer pathways in primary xenograft tumors in vivo, we extracted total proteins from xenograft tumor samples and then subjected to perform western blot analyses on Pin1 and its downstream oncoproteins, including β-catenin, NF-κB, cyclinD1 and Rab-2A, whose protein levels have been shown to be upregulated by Pin1 [26, 40–46, 51].