The aim of the current retrospective cohort study was to compare the levels of resistin, vaspin, and visfatin in T2DM patients according to the severity of carotid atherosclerosis and to explore the potential relationships of these factors and the conventional risk factors for T2DM and atherosclerosis, such as body mass index (BMI) and indicators of insulin resistance. The gene discussed is SERPINA12; the disease is carotid atherosclerosis.