GNE and breast cancer: This result is roughly consistent with the impact of sialic acid flux (modulated by GNE knock out) in embryonic murine cells where a minority (3 or 4) of all STs were affected [74] and a previous genome-wide transcriptional analysis of ‘1,3,4’-tributanoyl-modified hexosamines in breast cancer cells where only minor changes in transcription were observed [45].