VCAM1 and carotid atherosclerosis: A previous study with 855 patients diagnosed with stable carotid atherosclerosis over a 6.2-year period observed that VCAM-1 values higher than 837 ng/mL increased the cardiovascular mortality risk by 2.5-fold and predicted future fatal cardiovascular events, whereas ICAM-1 values higher than 335 ng/mL increased that risk by 3.4-fold; these results indicated that these molecules were strong and independent predictors of mortality in patients with stable carotid atherosclerosis 2.