106 upregulated genes that were shared by ES and AS groups represent the tumor-induced pTreg signature (Fig. 2g and Supplementary Data 2) including genes associated with pTreg generation (Pdcd1 and Nfkbid), Treg homeostasis (Pdcd1), and TGFβ sensitivity (Tgfbr2 and Tgfbr3)34–36. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.