Here, we review current knowledge about the involvement of uremic toxins (particularly inorganic phosphate (Pi), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), indoxyl-sulfate (IS) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)) in CKD-induced VSMC dysfunction, and the consequences for vascular remodeling. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and chronic kidney disease.