TNF and Cowden disease: In patients with CD the uptake of gluten leads to the secretion of autoantibodies and tissue transglutaminase (TG2), as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin (IL) 15, IL 21, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha and Interferon (IFN) gamma (Fig. 1) [1, 3].