Despite strong evidence implicating TGF-β signaling in driving the methylation of several genes in PCa and the inhibition of TGF-β signaling by DKK3, we only observed significant differences in the expression of PTGS2. It is important to note that these analyses were performed 48 h after transfection, and therefore, if DKK3 inhibits TGF-β signaling indirectly, more significant changes in gene expression may only be detected at later time points. Here, TGFB1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.