PINK1 and Parkinson disease: C. elegans genes (vps-35, lrk-1, pink-1, pdr-1, and djr-1) express homologous to the accepted genetic risk factors linked to the familial form of human PD (respectively corresponding to the vesicular trafficking protein VPS35, the multidomain kinase LRRK2, the mitochondrial stress response proteins PINK1, Parkin, and DJ-1) and do not express α-synuclein (Nalls et al., 2014; Martinez et al., 2017).