PIK3CB and cancer: Even though its induction is linked to apoptosis [90, 91], it requires other pro-apoptotic genes to induce apoptosis and it has also been proposed that PIG 3 may play a role in cancer cell survival, inducing sub-lethal levels of ROS [92], actively participating in the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway in PTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma).