The positive transductivity sensitivity of FOXO3a at MDS and the negative transductivity sensitivity of FOXO3a at AML were attributed to the genetic mutations in TRAF2, TRADD and the interaction site between AKT and GSK3β at AML, and the genetic mutations in TRADD and IKKs at MDS (Figure 9), which result in the increased apoptosis of MDS cells and the decreased apoptosis of AML cells compared to normal type. Here, TRAF2 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.