Moreover, other studies observed high concentrations of RBP4 in obesity (Zabetian-Targhi et al., 2015[90]) inducing chronic inflammation and in its complications such as T2D, metabolic syndromes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (Codoner-Franch et al., 2013[18]). The gene discussed is RBP4; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.